Mycena leptocephala
nitrous bonnet
Mycenaceae

Species account author: Ian Gibson.
Extracted from Matchmaker: Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest.

Introduction to the Macrofungi

Photograph

© Adolf Ceska     (Photo ID #18765)


Map

E-Flora BC Static Map

Distribution of Mycena leptocephala
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Species Information

Summary:
Typicae (Smith), Section Fragilipedes (Maas Geesteranus). Mycena leptocephala is gray with an alkaline odor, and habitat on the ground as well as on wood. Other features include a somewhat hygrophanous, moist, striate cap that is pruinose at first, subdistant gills, a stem that is white-pruinose becoming polished except at the top, and microscopic characters. Smith describes another species, Mycena kauffmaniana, the type of which according to Maas Geesteranus is Mycena leptocephala, and the other supporting material of which is from at least two other species. Mycena metata sensu J. Schroet., Kuehner, a synonym of this species, is not to be confused with Mycena metata (Fr.) Kummer which is equivalent to Mycena metata (Fr.) Quel.
Cap:
1-3(4)cm across, obtusely conic with margin pressed to stem at first, becoming conic to convex or bell-shaped; fuscous to blackish fading to light gray; hoary-pruinose becoming bald, moist, translucent-striate becoming sulcate [grooved], (Smith), up to 2cm across, conic or parabolic to bell-shaped, without or with umbo, flattening with age; somewhat hygrophanous, very dark gray, sepia brown with a grayish shade, "dark brown to almost black-brown with a violaceous sheen when very young (caused by pruinosity)", also at times of a somewhat warmer brown at center, pallescent [becoming paler] when drying, turning gray-brown, the margin paler to whitish; dry but slightly lubricous when wet, at first pruinose, becoming bald, sulcate [grooved], translucent-striate, (Maas Geesteranus)
Flesh:
thin, fragile; grayish, (Smith), thin, watery sepia brown to whitish, (Maas Geesteranus)
Gills:
ascending-adnate, with decurrent tooth, subdistant (18-27 reaching stem), narrow, 1-2 tiers subgills; pallid or cinereous [ash-gray], edges pallid; edges even, (Smith), ascending, fairly broadly adnate, occasionally decurrent with a short tooth, 14-26 reaching stem, up to 0.3cm broad, moderately ventricose [broader in the middle], becoming rugulose [finely wrinkled] to veined, also interveined; fairly dark, sepia-tinted gray-brown, paler when old, the edges colored as faces or paler to whitish, (Maas Geesteranus)
Stem:
(2)4-6(12)cm x 0.1-0.2cm, equal, very fragile, hollow; usually bluish black at first (darker than cap) but soon dingy brownish gray then pallid or cinereous; densely white-pruinose over all becoming polished and translucent, base nearly bald to white-strigose [with coarse hairs], (Smith), 2-6cm x 0.1-0.2cm, equal or widening somewhat in lower part, fragile, hollow, round in cross-section, straight or curved in lower part; gray-brown to sepia brownish, darker in lower part, paler in upper part, sometimes with a lilaceous tinge when very young; smooth, shiny, minutely puberulous [downy] all over, becoming bald for the greater part (except at top), "the base more or less densely covered with long, coarse, flexuous, whitish fibrils", (Maas Geesteranus)
Odor:
weakly alkaline (stronger if crushed), (Smith), nitrous (by some collectors experienced as of potato skin or alkaline), but fugacious [fleeting] and sometimes seemingly absent, (Maas Geesteranus)
Taste:
acidulous (Smith), rarely recorded, once stated to be disagreeable, (Maas Geesteranus)
Microscopic spores:
spores 7-10 x 4-6 microns, broadly elliptic, amyloid; basidia usually 4-spored, (2- and 3-spored forms found on which the spores measured 11-12 x 6-6.5 microns or 8-10 x 3.5-4.5 microns); pleurocystidia scattered, rare or absent, 30-44 x 9-13 microns, "variable in shape, fusoid-ventricose to clavate, the apex forked in some", the clavate ones occasionally with two or three finger-like projections, cheilocystidia numerous, similar to pleurocystidia, (Smith), spores (8.1)9.4-11.2 x 4.5-6.5 microns, pip-shaped [elliptic], smooth, amyloid; basidia generally 4-spored, 28-36 x 7-9 microns, narrowly clavate, clamped; pleurocystidia to cheilocystidia similar if present, cheilocystidia 27-80 x 9-17 x 0-5 microns, forming a homogeneous sterile band, fusiform, lageniform, subcylindric, clavate, clamped, apically broadly rounded or mucronate [abruptly tipped from a flatter surface], "or gradually to more abruptly passing into a longer or shorter neck or again with a few excrescences"; terminal cells of outer layer of stem 4.5-20 microns wide, "often considerably inflated, variously shaped and branched, less frequently cystidia-like, usually curved outwards or apically geniculate, constituting the caulocystidia and all manner of structures intermediate between caulocystidia and terminal cells"; in general with clamp connections although one of Smith''s variants with less than 4-spored basidia proved not to have clamp connections, (Maas Geesteranus)
Spore deposit:
white (Breitenbach)
Notes:
Mycena leptocephala has been found at least in WA, OR, NS, ON, MB, south to CA and NC, including MD, ME, MI, and NY, (Smith). It has been reported from BC (Gamiet) and there are many collections from BC at the University of British Columbia. It is found in Europe and Iceland, (Maas Geesteranus). Breitenbach(3) give the distribution as North America, Europe (including Switzerland), Asia, North Africa, and Australia.
EDIBILITY

Habitat and Range

SIMILAR SPECIES
At least one other alkaline-smelling species is very common in the Pacific Northwest, but its name is unclear. Smith calls it Mycena alcalina which Maas Geesteranus says is not a valid name. He synonymizes M. alcalina sensu Kuehner with M. stipata and comments about the latter, "Whether this species occurs in North America has not been verified." In Europe, Mycena stipata is like M. leptocephala in having a nitrous odor but M. leptocephala differs from M. stipata by a smaller cap, non-clustered growth, and swollen end cells in the cortical layer of the stem apex, (from descriptions of Maas Geesteranus). Smith''s concept of Mycena alcalina should be compared also with Smith''s concept of Mycena leptocephala: both are described as having an alkaline odor (which is close to nitrous). Smith does not provide an easy way of distinguishing them. They diverge in the key on the basis of the shape of the pleurocystidia ("present and usually very prominent" for M. alcalina, "if present, not with greatly elongated necks" for M. leptocephala), but they may be absent in either species. For M. alcalina they are "fusoid-ventricose to subcylindric, the apices sometimes forked, hyaline, smooth, (35) 40-60 x 8-15 (20) um", and for M. leptocephala they are "30-44 x 9-13 um, variable in shape, fusoid-ventricose to clavate, the apex forked in some, the clavate individuals occasionally bearing two or three fingerlike prolongations". Rod-like projections from the cells of the cap cuticle are mentioned for M. leptocephala, but are not specified for M. alcalina. The habitat is given as "Gregarious to subcespitose on decaying wood of conifers and densely gregarious on humus under conifers, particularly larch" for M. alcalina and "on fallen sticks and on needle carpets under conifers" for M. leptocephala. Note that the concepts for Mycena leptocephala are not exactly the same for Smith and Maas Geesteranus. |Besides Mycena ''alcalina'', other Mycenas with bleach-like or nitrous odors include Mycena capillaripes (pale grayish vinaceous or reddish colors and marginate gills) and Mycena abramsii. It may be that some of what Smith is calling Mycena alcalina is Mycena abramsii, since he regarded the latter as odorless. Since Smith regards M. leptocephala as having a more restricted habitat than other authors it is also possible that some of what he is calling M. alcalina on stumps and logs is regarded by others as M. leptocephala on stumps and logs. |M. abramsii lacks the inflated stipe cortical hyphae terminal cells such as those found in M. leptocephala (Perry). |Turning to another species, Mycena fragillima has similar terminal cortical cells of the hyphae of the stem cortex, but M. fragillima has been found on fern debris, its stem is very pale watery gray, and its fragile nature is emphasized, whereas M. leptocephala grows on a wide variety of habitats but is not associated with ferns, color is rather darker (gray-brown to sepia brownish), and its stem is not excessively fragile, (Maas Geesteranus). |See also SIMILAR section of Mycena ''alcalina'', Mycena murina, and Mycena subcana.
Habitat
scattered to gregarious "on fallen sticks and on needle carpets under conifers" (Smith), on tree stumps and decayed and often moss-covered wood of both hardwoods and conifers, on fallen branches, among grass and moss, in sheltered as well as exposed habitats, (Maas Geesteranus), usually fall (Buczacki)

Synonyms

Synonyms and Alternate Names:
Mycena chlorinella (J.E. Lange) Singer
Mycena kauffmaniana A.H. Sm.